Trans-Kama and Penza Defensive Lines of the Russian State i n the Second Half of the XVII Century
Borders of Russia have been gradually moving southwards since the end of the XIV century.Each movement of the frontier leads to its maintaining.In the second half of USB the XVII century, as a result of the consolidation of the Russian state, new fortifications were built in the Trans-Kama and Penza defensive lines.On open landscapes they had rampa